Wednesday, February 19, 2014
Rambling about Measure for Measure and natural law
every time I read this play I get more sympathetic to Angelo. He's less a villain than a schmo. Shakes really seems to be painting a man who lacks the power to fight the whims of lust - is Measure a Greek play with Fate played by Cupid?) . Of course there's Angelo's previous dealings with Mariana, and his willingness to perjure himself and let others suffer in his defense, to keep him in the villain camp. But he reminds me more of Hamlet's Claudio than of an Iago or Aaron. He does evil but spends more time expressing guilt and conflict over it than in reveling in his misdeeds..
I know this play can be read as a political critique against Puritan morality in a time when the Theatre itself was under direct attack, but I wonder if there's something to a reading of the play as an exploration of natural forces... The Natural Law above all expressed through lust and love, the state below becoming sick and corrupt the more it seeks to oppose the natural law.. I don't know what this says bout Duke Vincentio who (if Lucio is entirely false) is somehow above the whims of lust, his "complete breast" impenetrable by the dribbling dart (graphic!) of cupid... but maybe that a complete philosophical education renders Man harmonious with nature, sort of a zen read? He isn't immune to love's pulls since he eventually proposes to Isabella (who is about to join a convent!), but since, unlike Angelo, the feelings that lead to that proposal never interfere with his execution of duty, and comes at the final scene, maybe it's an illustration of lust successfully sublimated into moral action..
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In the comedies, marriage satisfies what philosophy (or Zen) does, brings harmony between Art (civilization, the State) & nature... well, in Shakespeare not in life.
ReplyDeleteYou could find a lot to think and write about following this theme--the pastoral convention of the healing virtue of the forest. In Measure for Measure, the Forest isn't so comfortable. You have pay the goatheard in coins of state to find shelter, to kill the deer or starve. That complaint for the injustice of killing the dear, in its rightful home shows tells us they are not returning to a natural state at all, but are out of their element, and being out of your element leads to violence--or going hungry.
I like the Winter's Tale on this... by nature's art improve the scion. One of my favorite passages--where it seems Shakespeare doesn't hold to any fixed border between Nature and Art--and by that, there can be no such thing for humans as their/our natural element. We are always out of place--in temporary equilibrium alway about to fall out of balance.
And there is no sure affirmation of the Great Chain of Being--the just and orderly hierarchy can never be maintained... look at Richard the II, and what good Richard's plea for the right of kingship does him... and how that plays out through Henry IV and V.